Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): A Comprehensive Overview
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): A Comprehensive Overview Introduction Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys. Over time, these cysts enlarge, leading to kidney dysfunction, high blood pressure, and eventually, end-stage renal disease (ESRD). PKD is primarily classified into two types: Autosomal Dominant PKD (ADPKD) and Autosomal Recessive PKD (ARPKD). Types of PKD 1. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) Most common type, affecting 1 in 400–1,000 live births. Caused by mutations in the PKD1 (85%) or PKD2 (15%) genes. PKD1 mutations lead to a more severe form with early onset of ESRD. Symptoms typically appear between the ages of 30 and 50. 2. Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD) Rare, occurring in 1 in 20,000 births. Caused by mutations in the PKHD1 gene, affecting fibrocystin protein. Severe form with symptoms presenting at birth or in early childhood...