How kidney Functions in human body?

The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood to form urine.

Here's a simplified breakdown of how they function:

  • Filtration:

    • Blood enters the kidneys through the renal arteries, which branch off from the aorta. Inside each kidney are about a million tiny structures called nephrons. Each nephron consists of a filtering unit called the glomerulus and a tubule. As blood flows through the glomerulus, small molecules like water, salts, glucose, and waste products are filtered out of the blood and into the tubule.

  • Reabsorption:

    • As the filtered fluid (now called filtrate) travels through the tubule, essential substances that the body needs, such as glucose, amino acids, and salts, are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. This process helps maintain the body's balance of electrolytes and other important substances.

  • Secretion:

    • In addition to filtration, the kidneys also secrete certain substances, such as hydrogen ions and potassium ions, into the tubule. This helps regulate the body's pH balance and electrolyte levels.

  • Concentration:

    • As the filtrate passes through the tubules, water is reabsorbed based on the body's hydration needs. Hormones like antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone play crucial roles in regulating water reabsorption and maintaining proper fluid balance.

  • Excretion:

    • Finally, the remaining fluid, now concentrated urine, is passed through the collecting ducts into the renal pelvis and then into the ureters, which carry the urine to the bladder for storage until it is expelled from the body through urination.

    This process of filtration, reabsorption, secretion, concentration, and excretion occurs continuously to help maintain homeostasis in the body by regulating fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and waste elimination.

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